Special Hashing

Xem dạng PDF

Gửi bài giải

Điểm: 2,00 (OI)
Giới hạn thời gian: 7.5s
Giới hạn bộ nhớ: 512M
Input: stdin
Output: stdout

Nguồn bài:
Code Craft 09
Dạng bài
Ngôn ngữ cho phép
C, C++, Go, Java, Kotlin, Pascal, PyPy, Python, Rust, Scratch

Linear Probing is one of the most used Hashing techiniques. We define here a special hashing which is similar to linear probing.

The following operations are defined.

  • Hash: Hash is defined for a number ~N~ to be ~N\%k~.

  • Move forward: Move to the next number (the number connected by the forward link). Initially, every number's forward link points to the itself. (currentIndex).

  • Move backward: Move to the previous number (the number connected by the back link). Initially, every number's back link points to the itself in the link (currentIndex).

  • Insertion operation: Given a number ~N~, find ~hash(N) = N\%k~ where ~k~ is the size of the list. If the ~list[hash(N)]~ is empty the element is inserted at position ~hash(N)~ in the list and forward link is made to point at ~(\mbox{currentIndex} + 1)\%(\mbox{size of list})~ and backward link is made to point at ~(\mbox{currentIndex} - 1 + \mbox{sizeof list})\%(\mbox{size of list})~. If it is filled, we do moveforward/movebackward as specified and then the same process is again repeated.

    Note: Thus list is circular due to modulus property.

  • Merge Operation: Let ~x~ be a index in the list which is not empty. Calculate ~x_{min}~ by doing a movebackward from index ~x~ till the previous index is empty. Similarily calculate ~x_{max}~ by doing a moveforward from index ~x~ till the next element is an empty space. Do the same for ~y~ to find out ~y_{min}~ and ~y_{max}~. For a valid merge operation, the index ~x~ and ~y~ should not be empty and either ~x_{max}< y_{min}~ or ~y_{max} < x_{min}~. Now, when merging ~x~ and ~y~, if ~y_{min}> x_{max}~, the forward link of ~x_{max}~ is made to point at ~y_{min}~ and the backward link of ~y_{min}~ is made to point to ~x_{max}~. Same approch is applied in the other case.

    Note: for the merge operation take the ~min(b~, ~c)~. The merge is only to be done from ~x(b)_{max}~ to ~x(c)_{min}~ if the merge was allowed.

Input

The first line of input contains a number representing the number of test cases.

Each test case states with a line conataining two integers ~k~ (size of list) and ~C~ (operations to be applied). ~C~ lines follow. Each line contains ~a~, ~b~, ~c~. a is ~0~ for merge operation followed by index ~b~ and ~c~ to be merged. ~a~ is ~1~ for insert operation and ~b~ is the element to be inserted and ~c~ is either ~0~ or 1~(1~ in case of left insertion and ~0~ in case right).

Output

For each operation in each test case,

Case ~1~: Insertion operation print the position of the ~hash(b)~. If the number cannot be inserted print the string "cannot insert element"

Case ~2~: Merge operation print "merge successful" if the merge was succesful and "cannot merge" if the merge operation failed.

Giới hạn

Dataset ~1~: ~T < 25~, ~k \leq 10000~, ~C \le 25000~

Sample Input

1
5 6
0 0 2
1 1 1
1 1 0
1 4 0
0 1 4
1 1 1

Sample Output

cannot merge
1
2
4
merge successful
0

Bình luận

Hãy đọc nội quy trước khi bình luận.


Không có bình luận tại thời điểm này.